Twins in septate uterus at
9 weeks

Sporadic v. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Pregnancy losses occur in about 15% of pregnancies in women under the age of 35 years. Most of the losses are “sporadic” miscarriages in the first trimester which occur at random in different women rather than over and over again in the same woman. About half of sporadic pregnancy losses are due to chromosomal abnormalities which are not compatible with normal development. The frequency of these chromosomal anomalies and sporadic miscarriages increases sharply with advancing maternal age (What is Age Factor?).

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), on the other hand, is a disease distinct from infertility and usually defined by two or more failed pregnancies. After three or more losses, a thorough evaluation is warranted. Although approximately 25% of all recognized pregnancies result in miscarriage, less than 5% of women will experience two consecutive miscarriages, and only 1% experience three or more.

A clear-cut cause of recurrent loss is established in less than half of couples despite an extensive evaluation. A great deal of controversy surrounds the value of some of the diagnostic tests and treatment options for RPL. Nonetheless, most couples with RPL will eventually achieve a live birth of a healthy infant. Close monitoring of early pregnancy (1st Trimester TLC), judicious use of the many tests and treatments as well as emotional support, all play an important role in a comprehensive approach to this complex condition.